Cara Membuat AI Agent Pertama Kamu dari Nol (Tutorial Lengkap)

mkdir my-first-agent
cd my-first-agent
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # Linux/Mac
venv\Scripts\activate  # Windows

pip install openai python-dotenv

echo ".env" >> .gitignore

import os
from openai import OpenAI
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()

client = OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'))

def chat_with_agent(message, history=None):
    if history is None:
        history = []
    
    history.append({"role": "user", "content": message})
    
    response = client.chat.completions.create(
        model="gpt-4",
        messages=history,
        temperature=0.7
    )
    
    assistant_message = response.choices[0].message.content
    history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": assistant_message})
    
    return assistant_message

# Test agent
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("AI Agent siap! Ketik pesan (ketik 'exit' untuk keluar)")
    history = []
    while True:
        user_input = input("Kamu: ")
        if user_input.lower() == 'exit':
            break
        response = chat_with_agent(user_input, history)
        print(f"Agent: {response}")

python agent.py

import json
import requests
import os
from datetime import datetime
from openai import OpenAI
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()
client = OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'))

# Definisi tools yang bisa dipakai agent
tools = [
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "get_current_time",
            "description": "Dapatkan waktu sekarang",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {},
                "required": []
            }
        }
    },
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "search_web",
            "description": "Cari informasi di internet",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "query": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Kata kunci pencarian"
                    }
                },
                "required": ["query"]
            }
        }
    },
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "calculate",
            "description": "Hitung operasi matematika",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "expression": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Ekspresi matematika, contoh: '2 + 3 * 4'"
                    }
                },
                "required": ["expression"]
            }
        }
    }
]

def get_current_time():
    return datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

def search_web(query):
    """Search menggunakan DuckDuckGo (tanpa API key)"""
    try:
        url = f"https://api.duckduckgo.com/?q={query}&format=json"
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
        data = response.json()
        abstract = data.get("Abstract", "Tidak ditemukan hasil spesifik")
        related = [r["Text"] for r in data.get("RelatedTopics", [])[:3] if "Text" in r]
        return json.dumps({"summary": abstract, "related_topics": related})
    except Exception as e:
        return json.dumps({"error": str(e)})

def calculate(expression):
    """Hitung ekspresi matematika dengan aman"""
    try:
        allowed_chars = set("0123456789+-*/.() ")
        if not all(c in allowed_chars for c in expression):
            return json.dumps({"error": "Ekspresi mengandung karakter tidak valid"})
        result = eval(expression)
        return json.dumps({"result": result})
    except Exception as e:
        return json.dumps({"error": str(e)})

def run_agent(user_message, history=None):
    if history is None:
        history = [
            {
                "role": "system",
                "content": (
                    "Kamu adalah AI assistant yang helpful. Kamu bisa menggunakan tools "
                    "untuk membantu user. Gunakan tools yang tersedia untuk menjawab pertanyaan. "
                    "Selalu jawab dalam Bahasa Indonesia."
                )
            }
        ]
    
    history.append({"role": "user", "content": user_message})
    
    # Step 1: Kirim ke model dan lihat apakah dia mau pakai tools
    response = client.chat.completions.create(
        model="gpt-4",
        messages=history,
        tools=tools,
        tool_choice="auto"
    )
    
    assistant_message = response.choices[0].message
    
    # Step 2: Cek apakah ada tool calls
    if assistant_message.tool_calls:
        # Tambahkan response assistant ke history
        history.append(assistant_message)
        
        # Step 3: Eksekusi setiap tool call
        for tool_call in assistant_message.tool_calls:
            function_name = tool_call.function.name
            arguments = json.loads(tool_call.function.arguments)
            
            print(f"  [Agent memanggil tool: {function_name}]")
            
            # Panggil function yang sesuai
            if function_name == "get_current_time":
                result = get_current_time()
            elif function_name == "search_web":
                result = search_web(arguments.get("query", ""))
            elif function_name == "calculate":
                result = calculate(arguments.get("expression", ""))
            else:
                result = json.dumps({"error": f"Tool {function_name} tidak ditemukan"})
            
            # Tambahkan result ke history
            history.append({
                "role": "tool",
                "tool_call_id": tool_call.id,
                "content": result
            })
        
        # Step 4: Kirim ulang ke model dengan hasil tool
        second_response = client.chat.completions.create(
            model="gpt-4",
            messages=history
        )
        final_message = second_response.choices[0].message.content
        history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": final_message})
        return final_message
    else:
        # Gak ada tool call, langsung return response
        final_message = assistant_message.content
        history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": final_message})
        return final_message


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("=== AI Agent with Tools ===")
    print("Ketik 'exit' untuk keluar\n")
    print("Contoh pertanyaan:")
    print("  - Jam berapa sekarang?")
    print("  - Cari info tentang Python programming")
    print("  - Berapa hasil dari 123 * 456?\n")
    
    history = [
        {
            "role": "system",
            "content": (
                "Kamu adalah AI assistant yang helpful. Kamu bisa menggunakan tools "
                "untuk membantu user. Gunakan tools yang tersedia untuk menjawab pertanyaan. "
                "Selalu jawab dalam Bahasa Indonesia."
            )
        }
    ]
    
    while True:
        user_input = input("Kamu: ")
        if user_input.lower() == 'exit':
            print("Sampai jumpa!")
            break
        response = run_agent(user_input, history)
        print(f"Agent: {response}\n")

import sqlite3

def setup_memory():
    """Setup database untuk simpan percakapan"""
    conn = sqlite3.connect('agent_memory.db')
    conn.execute('''
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS conversations (
            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
            session_id TEXT,
            role TEXT,
            content TEXT,
            timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        )
    ''')
    conn.commit()
    return conn

def save_message(conn, session_id, role, content):
    conn.execute(
        "INSERT INTO conversations (session_id, role, content) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
        (session_id, role, content)
    )
    conn.commit()

def load_history(conn, session_id, limit=20):
    cursor = conn.execute(
        "SELECT role, content FROM conversations WHERE session_id = ? "
        "ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ?",
        (session_id, limit)
    )
    messages = [{"role": row[0], "content": row[1]} for row in cursor.fetchall()]
    messages.reverse()
    return messages

system_prompt = """
Kamu adalah assistant untuk tim engineering. 
Kamu bisa:
- Menjawab pertanyaan teknis tentang codebase
- Mencari dokumentasi
- Menghitung estimasi waktu

Kamu TIDAK BOLEH:
- Menghapus file tanpa konfirmasi
- Mengakses database production
- Membagikan informasi sensitif
"""